Website Security and Backups Help

Web Application Firewall (WAF) troubleshooting guide

The WAF is optimized for all types of websites, including those on a CMS or built with custom code, but settings adjustments might be necessary to ensure proper function for your site. If you're experiencing any issues, use this guide to help troubleshoot.

HTTP status errors

The WAF will rarely produce errors but there are aspects of the firewall that might cause your hosting server to respond with an error. Listed below are some common HTTP status errors that you might encounter and information on next steps to take to troubleshoot.

Error CodeExplanation
302

Redirect loops are usually identified with an error in the browser and aren't caused by the firewall, but the firewall can be caching the bad behavior. Check the firewall SSL settings, if the Protocol Redirection setting is set to 'HTTP only site' or 'HTTPS only site', switch to 'Disabled'.

401

These are messages from the host indicating you are required to log in to see this resource.

404

The 404 Not Found error can affect your whole site or just a single URL or resource.

  • Whole site: Make sure you have the correct host IP/cName added to the firewall settings.
    Change my hosting IP in the Web Application Firewall (WAF)
  • Single URL or resource: Replace the missing resource or remove the reference to it in the site code. 404 errors may appear as broken pages caused by missing elements such as CSS without showing a 404 error. You can identify missing resources with a tool like WebPageTest (look in the waterfall tab).
  • All URLs (other than home page): This may be due to a missing .htaccess file within the hosting server, or the permalinks may need to be reset. Ask your developer to assist with troubleshooting this issue.
    What is .htaccess?
500 and 501

These are typically accompanied by an Internal Server message. They will always originate on the hosting server and are usually related to some misconfiguration. Check the hosting error logs to find the cause.

502

These errors are normally caused by a firewall on the hosting server blocking the WAF IPs. Be sure the following firewall IP ranges are allowed on any security plugin/software enabled on the hosting server:

  • 192.88.134.0/23
  • 185.93.228.0/22
  • 66.248.200.0/22
  • 2a02:fe80::/29
  • 208.109.0.0/22
503

These are due to resource issues, misconfigurations, or database errors. Similar to the 502 error, a 503 error can also occur due to blocked firewall IPs. Check the host’s access and error logs to find a cause. This could also be due to abnormal load due to a DDoS attack.

Website Errors: 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable
Check my account's resource usage
504

Most often 504s are caused by the host failing to respond to a request within the firewall timeout limit, but can also be caused by a firewall on the hosting server blocking the WAF IPs. If you are unable to find the cause, open a ticket to request the firewall error logs and verify them with the hosting server error logs to find the cause.

502, 504 or redirect error when I open my website after Web Application Firewall (WAF) setup

Caching issues

SSL certificate errors

The SSL certificate applied to the WAF can be configured in one of two ways:

  1. GoDaddy/Starfield: The system generates an SSL for your site automatically after the DNS change, which causes a brief interruption of functionality while the certificate is generated and validated.

    It isn’t possible to use the included SSL without experiencing a bit of downtime during the initial setup via this method. Uploading a custom SSL is the only way to avoid this window of downtime. If you use the included SSL certificate, it will auto renew every 90 days.

  2. Custom SSL: This is the most straightforward approach if you already have an SSL certificate. Copy and paste the content of the SSL certificate (.crt) and private key (.key) to our system prior to the DNS change. Once the DNS propagation completes and the firewall is enabled, the browser will see the custom SSL certificate you've uploaded.

    You will need to renew your custom SSL certificate manually and upload it to the firewall settings again when the certificate has reached the expiration date.

    Configure my SSL certificate to work with the Web Application Firewall (WAF)

WAF signature block

More info

Share this article